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Channel characterization of EM waves propagation at MHz frequency through seawater
Author(s) -
Tahir Muhammad,
Yan Piao,
Shuo Liu
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
international journal of communication systems
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.344
H-Index - 49
eISSN - 1099-1131
pISSN - 1074-5351
DOI - 10.1002/dac.3462
Subject(s) - seawater , physics , exponential function , exponential decay , analytical chemistry (journal) , computational physics , materials science , mathematical analysis , oceanography , chemistry , mathematics , geology , quantum mechanics , chromatography
Summary Electromagnetic (EM) communication is considered as a suitable physical layer choice for SeaWater. SeaWater EM communication presents advantages over acoustic and optical in shallow water and deep oceans.Theoretical analysis of EM wave propagation in SeaWater helps us to estimate maximum distance covered in SeaWater at multiple depth points up to 5500 m. Mathematics of EM propagation in SeaWater (conducting medium) shows dependence on f (Hz), ϵ (F/m), and σ (S/m) of transmission medium. This paper presents channel characteristics of EM waves propagation at 1 to 20 MHz frequency through SeaWater based on real time data of SeaWater T (C°) and S (ppt) for averaged decades from 1955 to 2012 up to 5500 m.We estimated SeaWater σ (S/m), ϵ r (F/m) (using Stogryns model), α (Np/m) (using Helmholtz model), Z (ohms), f T (Hz), v p (m/second), τ (second), and P r (dBm) (using Maxwell equations and Friis law). Analysis of these parameters against multiple depths of SeaWater and frequencies shows that we can not assume constant σ (S/m) (4), ϵ r (F/m) (81), f T (Hz) (888 MHz), v p (m/second) (3.33∗10 7 ), and τ (second) (8.2∗10 −12 ) for SeaWater. Estimated P r (dBm) helped us to analyze that for lower transmission frequencies (means higher ϵ r ′ ′) and for lower σ (S/m), P r (dBm) decays linearly. While for higher frequencies (means lower ϵ r ′ ′) and for higher σ (S/m), P r (dBm) faces sudden exponential decay. That negates sudden exponential delay (in general) of P r (dBm) in SeaWater; it was only possible by assuming constant SeaWater ϵ r (F/m) and σ (S/m). Our paper illustrates radio frequency communication for SeaWater in 1 to 20 MHz range and also provides comprehensive performance analysis using MATLAB simulation tool.