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Does COVID‐19 count?: Defining Criterion A trauma for diagnosing PTSD during a global crisis
Author(s) -
Norrholm Seth D.,
Zalta Alyson,
Zoellner Lori,
Powers Abigail,
Tull Matthew T.,
Reist Christopher,
Schnurr Paula P.,
Weathers Frank,
Friedman Matthew J.
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
depression and anxiety
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.634
H-Index - 129
eISSN - 1520-6394
pISSN - 1091-4269
DOI - 10.1002/da.23209
Subject(s) - pandemic , context (archaeology) , covid-19 , psychology , vulnerability (computing) , mental health , psychiatry , clinical psychology , medicine , disease , history , computer science , computer security , archaeology , pathology , infectious disease (medical specialty)
Abstract Introduction The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic is a globally significant crisis with a rapid spread worldwide, high rates of illness and mortality, a high degree of uncertainty, and a disruption of daily life across the sociodemographic spectrum. The clinically relevant psychological consequences of this catastrophe will be long‐lasting and far‐reaching. There is an emerging body of empirical literature related to the mental health aspects of this pandemic and this body will likely expand exponentially. The COVID‐19 pandemic is an example of a historic catastrophe from which we can learn much and from which the field will need to archive, interpret, and synthesize a multitude of clinical and research observations. Methods In this commentary, we discuss situations and contexts in which a diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may or may not apply within the context of diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fifth edition (DSM‐5) criteria. Results Our consensus is that a COVID‐related event cannot be considered traumatic unless key aspects of DSM‐5's PTSD Criterion A have been established for a specific type of COVID‐19 event (e.g., acute, life‐threatening, and catastrophic). Conclusion The application of a more liberal interpretation of Criterion A will dilute the PTSD diagnosis, increase heterogeneity, confound case–control research, and create an overall sample pool with varying degrees of risk and vulnerability factors.