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IMPAIRED FEAR EXTINCTION ASSOCIATED WITH PTSD INCREASES WITH HOURS‐SINCE‐WAKING
Author(s) -
Zuj Daniel V.,
Palmer Matthew A.,
Hsu ChiaMing K.,
Nicholson Emma L.,
Cushing Pippa J.,
Gray Kate E.,
Felmingham Kim L.
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
depression and anxiety
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.634
H-Index - 129
eISSN - 1520-6394
pISSN - 1091-4269
DOI - 10.1002/da.22463
Subject(s) - extinction (optical mineralogy) , psychology , clinical psychology , psychiatry , physics , optics
Background Prior research has demonstrated that time‐of‐day may play an important role in the extinction of conditioned fear, with extinction better learned earlier in the day rather than later. Impaired fear extinction memory is widely considered a key mechanism of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The relationship between fear extinction and PTSD symptoms may be moderated by hours‐since‐waking. Method In the present experiment, we examined whether hours‐since‐waking would moderate fear extinction learning ability in a clinical PTSD sample ( n = 15), compared to trauma‐exposed ( n = 33) and nonexposed controls ( n = 22). Participants completed a standardized differential fear conditioning and extinction paradigm, providing skin conductance response measures to quantify conditioned responding. Results Mixed‐model analysis of variance revealed a PTSD‐specific impairment in extinction learning ability in the late extinction phase. A moderation analysis showed that hours‐since‐waking was a significant moderator of the relationship between impaired late extinction and PTSD symptoms. Specifically, we found that participants with higher PTSD symptoms demonstrated poorer fear extinction learning ability as they were awake for longer. Conclusions The results of the current study add to a growing literature indicating deficits in fear extinction learning in PTSD samples, compared to trauma‐exposed and nonexposed controls. These results support previous findings that fear extinction is impaired later in the day, and extends this to a clinical sample, suggesting that exposure‐therapy may be optimized by scheduling sessions in the morning.