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In vivo cytometry: A spectrum of possibilities
Author(s) -
Chung Alice,
Karlan Scott,
Lindsley Erik,
WachsmannHogiu Sebastian,
Farkas Daniel L.
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
cytometry part a
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.316
H-Index - 90
eISSN - 1552-4930
pISSN - 1552-4922
DOI - 10.1002/cyto.a.20220
Subject(s) - autofluorescence , hyperspectral imaging , preclinical imaging , spectral imaging , in vivo , optical coherence tomography , biomedical engineering , ex vivo , cytometry , pathology , optics , materials science , computer science , medicine , fluorescence , biology , artificial intelligence , flow cytometry , physics , microbiology and biotechnology , immunology
Background We investigate whether optical imaging can reliably detect abnormalities in tissue, in a range of specimens (live cells in vitro; fixed, fresh ex‐vivo and in vivo tissue), without the use of added contrast agents, and review our promising spectral methods for achieving quantitative, real‐time, high resolution intrasurgical optical diagnostics. Methods We use reflectance, fluorescence, two‐photon, and Mie scattering imaging, performed with instrumentation we developed or modified, to detect intrinsic tissue signatures. Emphasis is on spectral/hyperspectral imaging approaches allowing the equivalent of in vivo pathology. Results With experimental focus on unstained specimens, we demonstrate the ability to segment tissue images for cancer detection. Spectral reflectance imaging, coupled with advanced analysis, typically yields 90% specificity and sensitivity. Autofluorescence is also shown to be diagnostically useful, with lymph nodes results highlighted here. Elastic scattering hyperspectral imaging endoscopy, using a new instrument we designed and built, shows promise in bronchoscopic detection of dysplasia and early cancer in patients. Conclusions The results demonstrate that advanced optical imaging can detect and localize cellular signatures of cancer in real‐time, in vivo, without the use of contrast agents, in animals and humans. This is an important step towards tight spatio‐temporal coupling between such detection and clinical intervention. © 2006 International Society for Analytical Cytology