Open AccessThe evolving landscape of predictive biomarkers in immuno‐oncology with a focus on spatial technologies
Author(s) -
Sadeghi Rad Habib,
Bazaz Sajad Razavi,
Monkman James,
Ebrahimi Warkiani Majid,
Rezaei Nima,
O'Byrne Ken,
Kulasinghe Arutha
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
clinical and translational immunology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.321
H-Index - 34
ISSN - 2050-0068
DOI - 10.1002/cti2.1215
Subject(s) - immunotherapy , tumor microenvironment , immune system , immune checkpoint , profiling (computer programming) , cancer immunotherapy , medicine , computational biology , biology , bioinformatics , cancer research , immunology , computer science , operating system
Immunotherapies have shown long‐lasting and unparalleled responses for cancer patients compared to conventional therapy. However, they seem to only be effective in a subset of patients. Therefore, it has become evident that a greater understanding of the tumor microenvironment (TME) is required to understand the nuances which may be at play for a favorable outcome to therapy. The immune contexture of the TME is an important factor in dictating how well a tumor may respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors. While traditional immunohistochemistry techniques allow for the profiling of cells in the tumor, this is often lost when tumors are analysed using bulk tissue genomic approaches. Moreover, the actual cellular proportions, cellular heterogeneity and deeper spatial distribution are lacking in characterisation. Advances in tissue interrogation technologies have given rise to spatially resolved characterisation of the TME. This review aims to provide an overview of the current methodologies that are used to profile the TME, which may provide insights into the immunopathology associated with a favorable outcome to immunotherapy.