Open AccessThe role of IL ‐22 in the resolution of sterile and nonsterile inflammation
Author(s) -
Alabbas Saleh Y,
Begun Jakob,
Florin Timothy H,
Oancea Iulia
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
clinical and translational immunology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.321
H-Index - 34
ISSN - 2050-0068
DOI - 10.1002/cti2.1017
Subject(s) - inflammation , chemokine , cytokine , immune system , innate immune system , immunology , biology , regeneration (biology) , microbiology and biotechnology
Abstract In a broad sense, inflammation can be conveniently characterised by two phases: the first phase, which is a pro‐inflammatory, has evolved to clear infection and/or injured tissue; and the second phase concerns regeneration of normal tissue and restitution of normal physiology. Innate immune cell‐derived pro‐inflammatory cytokines and chemokines activate and recruit nonresident immune cells to the site of infection, thereby amplifying the inflammatory responses to clear infection or injury. This phase is followed by a cytokine milieu that promotes tissue regeneration. There is no absolute temporal distinction between these two phases, and cytokines may have dual pleiotropic effects depending on the timing of release, inflammatory microenvironment or concentrations. IL ‐22 is a cytokine with reported pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory roles; in this review, we contend that this protein has primarily a function in restitution of normal tissue and physiology.