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A complementary metal–oxide semiconductor digitally programmable current conveyor
Author(s) -
Alzaher Hussain,
Tasadduq Noman,
AlEes Osama,
AlAmmari Fares
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
international journal of circuit theory and applications
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.364
H-Index - 52
eISSN - 1097-007X
pISSN - 0098-9886
DOI - 10.1002/cta.786
Subject(s) - digital biquad filter , integrator , current conveyor , electronic engineering , passband , variable gain amplifier , topology (electrical circuits) , engineering , bandwidth (computing) , electrical engineering , amplifier , computer science , resistor , operational amplifier , filter (signal processing) , low pass filter , band pass filter , telecommunications , cmos , voltage
SUMMARY A second‐generation current conveyor with digitally programmable current gains is presented. A current division network with zero standby power consumption is utilized in two different ways to provide both gain and attenuation of the second‐generation current conveyor's current transfer characteristics. The proposed topology overcomes several drawbacks of the previous solutions through affording a more power and area efficient solution while exhibiting relatively wider tuning range and bandwidth. A variable‐gain amplifier and a two‐integrator‐loop filter biquad providing low‐pass and band‐pass responses are given as application examples. A modified two‐integrator‐loop topology is developed to offer independent control of the pole frequency and quality factor without disturbing the passband gain. Simulation results obtained from a standard 0.18 µm complementary metal–oxide semiconductor process are given. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.