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Effect of operational amplifier imperfections on single amplifier filters
Author(s) -
Soundararajan K.,
Ramakrishna K.
Publication year - 1979
Publication title -
international journal of circuit theory and applications
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.364
H-Index - 52
eISSN - 1097-007X
pISSN - 0098-9886
DOI - 10.1002/cta.4490070408
Subject(s) - passband , stopband , amplifier , operational amplifier , transfer function , control theory (sociology) , bandwidth (computing) , mathematics , electronic engineering , band pass filter , engineering , computer science , electrical engineering , telecommunications , control (management) , artificial intelligence
Abstract A general method is given for the analysis of single amplifier RC‐active filters using nonideal operational amplifiers (OA). It is shown that the output resistance of the OA has a significant effect in the passband and stopband in addition to the known deviations due to the finite gain—bandwidth product. The nonideal transfer functions in the factorized form, giving clearer concept of the effects of the nonideal OA, are obtained using some realistic approximations based on the typical specifications of modern general purpose OA. Expressions thus obtained closely follow the exact transfer functions, as demonstrated in the illustrative examples given, and their validity is confirmed by the experimental results.