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Generation and classification of single amplifier filters
Author(s) -
Sedra Adel S.
Publication year - 1974
Publication title -
international journal of circuit theory and applications
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.364
H-Index - 52
eISSN - 1097-007X
pISSN - 0098-9886
DOI - 10.1002/cta.4490020107
Subject(s) - amplifier , current feedback operational amplifier , direct coupled amplifier , operational amplifier , electronic engineering , electronic circuit , operational transconductance amplifier , computer science , fully differential amplifier , bandwidth (computing) , cascade amplifier , electrical engineering , engineering , telecommunications
A unified approach is presented for generating configurations for circuits containing one operational amplifier together with RC elements and capable of realizing a general second‐order voltage transfer function. Systematic application of the generation procedure leads to various single amplifier biquads with the known circuits, as well as some new ones, obtained as special cases. The insight gained from the generalized approach as well as the results of a general sensitivity analysis (including the effects of the amplifier limited bandwidth) offer a method for categorizing and classifying single amplifier filters. The different filter classes are illustrated and compared with the aid of extensive design tables. General equations for the effect of the amplifier limited bandwidth are also given.