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Bird's‐eye view of analog and mixed‐signal chips for the 21st century
Author(s) -
Martins Rui P.,
Mak PuiIn,
Chan ChiHang,
Yin Jun,
Zhu Yan,
Chen Yong,
Lu Yan,
Law ManKay,
Sin SaiWeng
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
international journal of circuit theory and applications
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.364
H-Index - 52
eISSN - 1097-007X
pISSN - 0098-9886
DOI - 10.1002/cta.2958
Subject(s) - analog signal , interface (matter) , computer science , data transmission , electronic engineering , electrical engineering , energy harvesting , signal (programming language) , converters , power (physics) , mixed signal integrated circuit , analog front end , wireless , transceiver , transmission (telecommunications) , cmos , telecommunications , computer hardware , engineering , electronic circuit , physics , bubble , quantum mechanics , maximum bubble pressure method , voltage , parallel computing , programming language
SUMMARY The Internet of Everything (IoE), clearly a 21st century's technology, brilliantly plays with digital data obtained from analog sources, bringing together two different realities, the analog (physical/real), and the digital (cyber/virtual) worlds. Then, with the boundaries of IoE still analog in nature, the required functions at the interface involve sensing, measuring, filtering, converting, processing, and connecting, which imply that the analog layer governs the entire system in terms of accuracy and precision. Furthermore, such interface integrates several analog and mixed‐signal subsystems that comprise mainly signal transmission and reception, frequency generation, energy harvesting, data, and power conversion. This paper sets forth a state‐of‐the‐art design perspective of some of the most critical building blocks used in the analog/digital interface, covering wireless cellular transceivers, millimeter‐wave frequency generators, energy harvesting interfaces, plus, data and power converters, that exhibit high quality performance achieved through low‐power consumption, high energy‐efficiency, and high speed.