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CMOS weak‐inversion log‐domain glycolytic oscillator: a cytomimetic circuit example
Author(s) -
Papadimitriou Konstantinos I.,
Drakakis Emmanuel M.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
international journal of circuit theory and applications
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.364
H-Index - 52
eISSN - 1097-007X
pISSN - 0098-9886
DOI - 10.1002/cta.1847
Subject(s) - bernoulli's principle , subthreshold conduction , nonlinear system , cmos , ordinary differential equation , biological system , phosphofructokinase , monte carlo method , computer science , topology (electrical circuits) , transistor , electronic engineering , control theory (sociology) , differential equation , mathematics , glycolysis , physics , electrical engineering , voltage , engineering , mathematical analysis , enzyme , quantum mechanics , biology , artificial intelligence , control (management) , thermodynamics , statistics , nuclear magnetic resonance
SUMMARY This paper presents a 3 V, 1.21 μ W subthreshold log‐domain circuit which mimics the oscillations observed during the biochemical process of glycolysis due to the phosphofructokinase enzyme. The proposed electronic circuit is able to simulate the dynamics of the glycolytic oscillator and represent the time‐dependent concentration changes of the reactants and the products of the chemical process based on nonlinear differential equations which describe the biological system. By modifying specific circuit parameters, which correspond to certain chemical parameters, good agreement between the biochemical and electrical model results has been reached. The paper details the similarities between the equations that describe the biochemical process and the equations derived from the circuit analysis of a transistor and a source‐connected linear capacitor, a topology also known as the Bernoulli Cell. With the use of the Bernoulli Cell formalism, the chemical equations which describe the biochemical system have been transformed into their electrical equivalents. The analog circuit, which implements the whole process, has been synthesised, and simulation results including Monte Carlo analysis are provided, in order to verify the robustness of the proposed circuit and to compare its dynamics with prototype biological behaviour. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.