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Monomers from CO 2 : Superbases as Catalysts for Formate‐to‐Oxalate Coupling
Author(s) -
Schuler Eric,
Ermolich Pavel A.,
Shiju N. Raveendran,
Gruter GertJan M.
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
chemsuschem
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.412
H-Index - 157
eISSN - 1864-564X
pISSN - 1864-5631
DOI - 10.1002/cssc.202002725
Subject(s) - formate , catalysis , chemistry , sodium formate , oxalic acid , oxalate , inorganic chemistry , yield (engineering) , monomer , coupling reaction , organic chemistry , materials science , polymer , metallurgy
An interesting contribution to solving the climate crisis involves the use of CO 2 as a feedstock for monomers to produce sustainable plastics. In the European Horizon 2020 project “OCEAN” a continuous multistep process from CO 2 to oxalic acid and derivatives is developed, starting with the electrochemical reduction of CO 2 to potassium formate. The subsequent formate‐to‐oxalate coupling is a reaction that has been studied and commercially used for over 150 years. With the introduction of superbases as catalysts under moisture‐free conditions unprecedented improvements were shown for the formate coupling reaction. With isotopic labelling experiments the presence of carbonite as an intermediate was proven during the reaction, and with a unique operando set‐up the kinetics were studied. Ultimately, the required reaction temperature could be dropped from 400 to below 200 °C, and the reaction time could be reduced from 10 to 1 min whilst achieving 99 % oxalate yield.