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Bioderived Molecular Electrodes for Next‐Generation Energy‐Storage Materials
Author(s) -
Miroshnikov Mikhail,
Mahankali Kiran,
Thangavel Naresh Kumar,
Satapathy Sitakanta,
Arava Leela Mohana Reddy,
Ajayan Pulickel M.,
John George
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
chemsuschem
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.412
H-Index - 157
eISSN - 1864-564X
pISSN - 1864-5631
DOI - 10.1002/cssc.201903589
Subject(s) - electrolyte , energy storage , organic radical battery , battery (electricity) , hydrogen storage , materials science , nanotechnology , lithium (medication) , redox , chemistry , chemical engineering , inorganic chemistry , electrode , organic chemistry , alloy , medicine , power (physics) , physics , quantum mechanics , engineering , endocrinology
Nature‐derived organic small molecules, as energy‐storage materials, provide low‐cost, recyclable, and non‐toxic alternatives to inorganic and polymer electrodes for lithium‐/sodium‐ion batteries and beyond. Some organic carbonyl compounds have met or exceeded the voltages and gravimetric storage capacities achieved by traditional transition metal oxide‐based compounds due to the metal‐ion coupled redox and facile electron‐transport capability of functional groups. Stability issues that previously limited the capacity of small organic molecules can be remediated with reactions to form insoluble salts, noncovalent interactions (hydrogen bonding and π stacking), loading onto substrates, and careful electrolyte selection. The cost‐effectiveness and sustainability of organic materials may further be improved by employing porphyrin‐based electrodes and multivalent‐ion batteries utilizing abundant metals, such as aluminum and zinc. Finally, redox flow batteries take advantage of the solubility of organics for the development of scalable, high power density, and safe energy‐storage devices based on aqueous electrolytes. Herein, the advantages and prospects of small molecule‐based electrodes, with a focus on nature‐derived organic and biomimetic materials, to realize the next‐generation of green battery chemistry are reviewed.