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Protein‐Rich Biomass Waste as a Resource for Future Biorefineries: State of the Art, Challenges, and Opportunities
Author(s) -
De Schouwer Free,
Claes Laurens,
Vandekerkhove Annelies,
Verduyckt Jasper,
De Vos Dirk E.
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
chemsuschem
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.412
H-Index - 157
eISSN - 1864-564X
pISSN - 1864-5631
DOI - 10.1002/cssc.201802418
Subject(s) - commodity chemicals , chemistry , biomass (ecology) , raw material , decarboxylation , organic chemistry , amino acid , chemical industry , hydrolysis , deamination , polymer , catalysis , biochemistry , enzyme , oceanography , geology
Protein‐rich biomass provides a valuable feedstock for the chemical industry. This Review describes every process step in the value chain from protein waste to chemicals. The first part deals with the physicochemical extraction of proteins from biomass, hydrolytic degradation to peptides and amino acids, and separation of amino acid mixtures. The second part provides an overview of physical and (bio)chemical technologies for the production of polymers, commodity chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and other fine chemicals. This can be achieved by incorporation of oligopeptides into polymers, or by modification and defunctionalization of amino acids, for example, their reduction to amino alcohols, decarboxylation to amines, (cyclic) amides and nitriles, deamination to (di)carboxylic acids, and synthesis of fine chemicals and ionic liquids. Bio‐ and chemocatalytic approaches are compared in terms of scope, efficiency, and sustainability.