Premium
Evolution of Reactions of a Fluoride Shuttle Battery at the Surfaces of BiF 3 Microclusters Studied by In Situ Raman Microscopy
Author(s) -
Yamanaka Toshiro,
Okazaki Kenichi,
Abe Takeshi,
Nishio Koji,
Ogumi Zempachi
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
chemsuschem
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.412
H-Index - 157
eISSN - 1864-564X
pISSN - 1864-5631
DOI - 10.1002/cssc.201802209
Subject(s) - overpotential , raman spectroscopy , cluster (spacecraft) , fluoride , chemistry , battery (electricity) , in situ , nucleation , nanotechnology , ionic bonding , chemical engineering , inorganic chemistry , electrochemistry , ion , materials science , electrode , organic chemistry , optics , power (physics) , physics , quantum mechanics , computer science , programming language , engineering
Fluoride shuttle batteries (FSBs), which utilize defluorination of metal fluorides and fluorination of the resultant metals, are expected to have high energy densities. In situ Raman microscopy was conducted during FSB reactions of a nearly‐2D cluster of orthorhombic BiF 3 microparticles partly embedded in a gold‐plated film (o‐BiF 3 /gold). At a high overpotential, defluorination of the surface of an o‐BiF 3 particle (or cluster) was almost completed within approximately 120 s. At a low over potential, defluorination proceeded from the contours of the cluster that was in contact with the gold to the center of the cluster, suggesting that the rate‐limiting process was electronic diffusion. Conversely, fluorination proceeded uniformly at the surface of the cluster to form BiF 3 with a cubic structure (c‐BiF 3 ). The results will lead to the establishment of a strategy for efficient use of active materials with low electronic and ionic conductivities.