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An Electrolyte for Reversible Cycling of Sodium Metal and Intercalation Compounds
Author(s) -
Schafzahl Lukas,
Hanzu Ilie,
Wilkening Martin,
Freunberger Stefan A.
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
chemsuschem
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.412
H-Index - 157
eISSN - 1864-564X
pISSN - 1864-5631
DOI - 10.1002/cssc.201601222
Subject(s) - electrolyte , anode , passivation , dimethoxyethane , faraday efficiency , inorganic chemistry , intercalation (chemistry) , cathode , ethylene carbonate , metal , chemistry , battery (electricity) , materials science , chemical engineering , electrode , organic chemistry , power (physics) , engineering , physics , layer (electronics) , quantum mechanics
Na battery chemistries show poor passivation behavior of low voltage Na storage compounds and Na metal with organic carbonate‐based electrolytes adopted from Li‐ion batteries. Therefore, a suitable electrolyte remains a major challenge for establishing Na batteries. Here we report highly concentrated sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (NaFSI) in dimethoxyethane (DME) electrolytes and investigate them for Na metal and hard carbon anodes and intercalation cathodes. For a DME/NaFSI ratio of 2, a stable passivation of anode materials was found owing to the formation of a stable solid electrolyte interface, which was characterized spectroscopically. This permitted non‐dentritic Na metal cycling with approximately 98 % coulombic efficiency as shown for up to 300 cycles. The NaFSI/DME electrolyte may enable Na‐metal anodes and allows for more reliable assessment of electrode materials in Na‐ion half‐cells, as is demonstrated by comparing half‐cell cycling of hard carbon anodes and Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 cathodes with a widely used carbonate and the NaFSI/DME electrolyte.