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Direct Methylation of Amines with Carbon Dioxide and Molecular Hydrogen using Supported Gold Catalysts
Author(s) -
Du XianLong,
Tang Gao,
Bao HongLiang,
Jiang Zheng,
Zhong XinHua,
Su Dang Sheng,
Wang JianQiang
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
chemsuschem
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.412
H-Index - 157
eISSN - 1864-564X
pISSN - 1864-5631
DOI - 10.1002/cssc.201500486
Subject(s) - catalysis , chemistry , aniline , amine gas treating , primary (astronomy) , formamide , methylation , organic chemistry , alkyl , hydrogen , combinatorial chemistry , gene , biochemistry , physics , astronomy
The N‐methylation of amines with CO 2 and H 2 is an important step in the synthesis of bioactive compounds and chemical intermediates. The first heterogeneous Au catalyst is reported for this methylation reaction with good to excellent yields. The average turnover frequency (TOF) based on surface Au atoms is 45 h −1 , which is the highest TOF value ever reported for the methylation of aniline with CO 2 and H 2 . Furthermore, the catalyst is tolerant toward a variety of amines, which includes aromatic, aliphatic, secondary, and primary amines. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest that the N ‐alkyl formamide might be an intermediate in the N‐methylation of amine process. Moreover, through a one‐pot process, it is possible to convert primary amines, aldehydes, and CO 2 into unsymmetrical tertiary amines with H 2 as a reductant in the presence of the Au catalyst.