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Towards High‐Energy‐Density Pseudocapacitive Flowable Electrodes by the Incorporation of Hydroquinone
Author(s) -
Boota M.,
Hatzell K. B.,
Kumbur E. C.,
Gogotsi Y.
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
chemsuschem
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.412
H-Index - 157
eISSN - 1864-564X
pISSN - 1864-5631
DOI - 10.1002/cssc.201402985
Subject(s) - hydroquinone , electrolyte , capacitance , electrode , electrochemistry , redox , gravimetric analysis , materials science , supercapacitor , chemical engineering , molecule , supporting electrolyte , nanotechnology , inorganic chemistry , chemistry , organic chemistry , metallurgy , engineering
This study reports an investigation of hydroquinone (HQ) as a multielectron organic redox molecule to enhance the performance of flowable electrodes. Two different methods to produce high‐performance pseudocapacitive flowable electrodes were investigated for electrochemical flow capacitors. First, HQ molecules were deposited on carbon spheres (CSs) by a self‐assembly approach using various HQ loadings. In the second approach, HQ was used as a redox‐mediating agent in the electrolyte. Flowable electrodes composed of HQ showed a capacitance of 342 F g −1 , which is >200 % higher than that of flowable electrodes based on nontreated CSs (160 F g −1 ), and outperformed (in gravimetric performance) many reported film electrodes. A similar trend in capacitance was observed if HQ was used as a redox agent in the electrolyte; however, its poor cycle life restricted further consideration. In addition, a twofold increase in capacitance was observed under flow conditions compared to that of previous studies.