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Low temperature Hydrogen Reduction of High Surface Area Anatase and Anatase/β‐TiO 2 for High‐Charging‐Rate Batteries
Author(s) -
Ventosa Edgar,
Tymoczko Anna,
Xie Kunpeng,
Xia Wei,
Muhler Martin,
Schuhmann Wolfgang
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
chemsuschem
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.412
H-Index - 157
eISSN - 1864-564X
pISSN - 1864-5631
DOI - 10.1002/cssc.201402279
Subject(s) - anatase , materials science , hydrogen , annealing (glass) , oxygen , chemical engineering , electrochemistry , conductivity , lithium (medication) , specific surface area , electrode , nanotechnology , chemistry , catalysis , photocatalysis , composite material , medicine , biochemistry , organic chemistry , engineering , endocrinology
Abstract There are several strategies to improve the electrochemical performance of TiO 2 as negative electrode material for Li‐ion batteries. Introducing oxygen vacancies through hydrogen reduction leads to an enhancement in electrical conductivity. However, this strategy does not improve the low lithium‐ion mobility. Herein, we show that by decreasing the temperature of hydrogen annealing the improved lithium‐ion mobility of high‐surface‐area TiO 2 and β‐TiO 2 can be combined with the enhanced electrical conductivity of oxygen deficiencies. Annealing at only 275–300 °C in pure hydrogen atmosphere successfully creates oxygen vacancies in TiO 2 , as confirmed by UV/Vis spectroscopy, whereas the temperature is low enough to maintain a high specific surface area and prevent β‐to‐anatase phase transformation. The hydrogen reduction of high‐surface‐area anatase or anatase/β‐TiO 2 at these temperatures leads to improvements in the performance, achieving charge capacities of 142 or 152 mAh g −1 at 10C, respectively.