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Zr 4+ Doping in Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 Anode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries: Open Li + Diffusion Paths through Structural Imperfection
Author(s) -
Kim JaeGeun,
Park MinSik,
Hwang Soo Min,
Heo YoonUk,
Liao Ting,
Sun Ziqi,
Park Jong Hwan,
Kim Ki Jae,
Jeong Goojin,
Kim YoungJun,
Kim Jung Ho,
Dou Shi Xue
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
chemsuschem
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.412
H-Index - 157
eISSN - 1864-564X
pISSN - 1864-5631
DOI - 10.1002/cssc.201301393
Subject(s) - materials science , anode , doping , lithium (medication) , spinel , electrochemistry , ion , diffusion , nanoparticle , nanotechnology , chemical engineering , chemistry , electrode , optoelectronics , thermodynamics , medicine , physics , organic chemistry , engineering , metallurgy , endocrinology
Abstract One‐dimensional nanomaterials have short Li + diffusion paths and promising structural stability, which results in a long cycle life during Li + insertion and extraction processes in lithium rechargeable batteries. In this study, we fabricated one‐dimensional spinel Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 (LTO) nanofibers using an electrospinning technique and studied the Zr 4+ doping effect on the lattice, electronic structure, and resultant electrochemical properties of Li‐ion batteries (LIBs). Accommodating a small fraction of Zr 4+ ions in the Ti 4+ sites of the LTO structure gave rise to enhanced LIB performance, which was due to structural distortion through an increase in the average lattice constant and thereby enlarged Li + diffusion paths rather than changes to the electronic structure. Insulating ZrO 2 nanoparticles present between the LTO grains due to the low Zr 4+ solubility had a negative effect on the Li + extraction capacity, however. These results could provide key design elements for LTO anodes based on atomic level insights that can pave the way to an optimal protocol to achieve particular functionalities.