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Ultrasounds in Melted Poly(ethylene glycol) Promote Copper‐Catalyzed Cyanation of Aryl Halides with K 4 [Fe(CN) 6 ]
Author(s) -
Giachi Guido,
Frediani Marco,
Oberhauser Werner,
Lamaty Frederic,
Martinez Jean,
Colacino Evelina
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
chemsuschem
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.412
H-Index - 157
eISSN - 1864-564X
pISSN - 1864-5631
DOI - 10.1002/cssc.201300997
Subject(s) - ethylene glycol , aryl , catalysis , gel permeation chromatography , x ray photoelectron spectroscopy , halide , cyanation , polymer , solvent , polymer chemistry , chemistry , copper , ethylene , substrate (aquarium) , molar mass distribution , nuclear chemistry , inorganic chemistry , chemical engineering , organic chemistry , alkyl , engineering , oceanography , geology
Melted poly(ethylene glycols) (PEGs) were used for the first time as solvent for the sonochemically promoted cyanation of aryl halides employing inexpensive and safe K 4 [Fe(CN) 6 ] and a relatively low amount of Cu‐based catalyst. The M w (weight‐average polymer molecular weight) of PEG proved to notably influence the substrate conversion, which is indicative of a strong dependence of the sonication efficacy on solvent properties. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) contributed to the characterization of the polymer and the elucidation of the catalytic system.