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CaO‐Based CO 2 Sorbents: From Fundamentals to the Development of New, Highly Effective Materials
Author(s) -
Kierzkowska Agnieszka M.,
Pacciani Roberta,
Müller Christoph R.
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
chemsuschem
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.412
H-Index - 157
eISSN - 1864-564X
pISSN - 1864-5631
DOI - 10.1002/cssc.201300178
Subject(s) - carbonation , calcination , sorbent , greenhouse gas , fossil fuel , environmental science , carbon capture and storage (timeline) , carbon dioxide , waste management , process engineering , natural resource economics , biochemical engineering , chemical engineering , climate change , chemistry , engineering , adsorption , geology , catalysis , biochemistry , oceanography , organic chemistry , economics
The enormous anthropogenic emission of the greenhouse gas CO 2 is most likely the main reason for climate change. Considering the continuing and indeed growing utilisation of fossil fuels for electricity generation and transportation purposes, development and implementation of processes that avoid the associated emissions of CO 2 are urgently needed. CO 2 capture and storage, commonly termed CCS, would be a possible mid‐term solution to reduce the emissions of CO 2 into the atmosphere. However, the costs associated with the currently available CO 2 capture technology, that is, amine scrubbing, are prohibitively high, thus making the development of new CO 2 sorbents a highly important research challenge. Indeed, CaO, readily obtained through the calcination of naturally occurring limestone, has been proposed as an alternative CO 2 sorbent that could substantially reduce the costs of CO 2 capture. However, one of the major drawbacks of using CaO derived from natural sources is its rapidly decreasing CO 2 uptake capacity with repeated carbonation–calcination reactions. Here, we review the current understanding of fundamental aspects of the cyclic carbonation–calcination reactions of CaO such as its reversibility and kinetics. Subsequently, recent attempts to develop synthetic, CaO‐based sorbents that possess high and cyclically stable CO 2 uptakes are presented.