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Porous Graphitic Carbon Nanosheets Derived from Cornstalk Biomass for Advanced Supercapacitors
Author(s) -
Wang Lei,
Mu Guang,
Tian Chungui,
Sun Li,
Zhou Wei,
Yu Peng,
Yin Jie,
Fu Honggang
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
chemsuschem
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.412
H-Index - 157
eISSN - 1864-564X
pISSN - 1864-5631
DOI - 10.1002/cssc.201200990
Subject(s) - supercapacitor , carbonization , materials science , electrolyte , electrochemistry , carbon fibers , catalysis , pyrolytic carbon , aqueous solution , chemical engineering , biomass (ecology) , capacitance , porosity , electrode , composite material , chemistry , organic chemistry , pyrolysis , scanning electron microscope , composite number , engineering , oceanography , geology
Porous graphitic carbon nanosheets (PGCS) are synthesized by an in situ self‐generating template strategy based on the carburized effect of iron with cornstalks. Cornstalks firstly coordinate with [Fe(CN) 6 ] 4− ions to form the cornstalk–[Fe(CN) 6 ] 4− precursor. After carbonization and removal of the catalyst, PGCS are obtained. Series experiments indicate that PGCS can only be formed when using an iron‐based catalyst that can generate a carburized phase during the pyrolytic process. The unique structures of PGCS exhibit excellent capacitive performance. The PGCS‐1‐1100 sample (synthesized from 0.1 M [Fe(CN) 6 ] 4− with a carbonization temperature of 1100 °C), which shows excellent electrochemical capacitance (up to 213 F g −1 at 1 A g −1 ), cycling stability, and rate performance in 6 M KOH electrolyte. In the two‐electrode symmetric supercapacitors, the maximum energy densities that can be achieved are as high as 9.4 and 61.3 Wh kg −1 in aqueous and organic electrolytes, respectively. Moreover, high energy densities of 8.3 and 40.6 Wh kg −1 are achieved at the high power density of 10.5 kW kg −1 in aqueous and organic electrolytes, respectively. This strategy holds great promise for preparing PGCS from natural resources, including cornstalks, as advanced electrodes in supercapacitors.