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Fructose Dehydration to 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural over Solid Acid Catalysts in a Biphasic System
Author(s) -
Ordomsky Vitaly V.,
van der Schaaf John,
Schouten Jaap C.,
Nijhuis T. Alexander
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
chemsuschem
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.412
H-Index - 157
eISSN - 1864-564X
pISSN - 1864-5631
DOI - 10.1002/cssc.201200072
Subject(s) - chemistry , selectivity , catalysis , dehydration , fructose , lewis acids and bases , inorganic chemistry , ion exchange , zeolite , pyridine , phosphate , zirconium phosphate , organic chemistry , brønsted–lowry acid–base theory , ion , biochemistry
Abstract Different acidic heterogeneous catalysts like alumina, aluminosilicate, zirconium phosphate, niobic acid, ion‐exchange resin Amberlyst‐15, and zeolite MOR have been studied in fructose dehydration to 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). The acidity of these materials was characterized using temperature‐programmed desorption of NH 3 and IR spectroscopy of adsorbed pyridine. The nature and strength of acid sites was shown to play a crucial role in the selectivity towards HMF. Brønsted acid sites in the case of zeolites and ion‐exchange resin led to high selectivities in the dehydration of fructose with an increase in selectivity with the addition of an organic phase. Lewis acidity in the case of phosphate and oxides resulted in the intensive production of humins from fructose at the initial stages of the process, whereas organic phase addition did not affect selectivity.