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Suzuki–Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reactions in Aqueous Media: Green and Sustainable Syntheses of Biaryls
Author(s) -
Polshettiwar Vivek,
Decottignies Audrey,
Len Christophe,
Fihri Aziz
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
chemsuschem
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.412
H-Index - 157
eISSN - 1864-564X
pISSN - 1864-5631
DOI - 10.1002/cssc.200900221
Subject(s) - aqueous medium , coupling reaction , green chemistry , chemistry , catalysis , palladium , aqueous solution , carbon fibers , organic chemistry , combinatorial chemistry , organic synthesis , reinforced carbon–carbon , reaction mechanism , materials science , composite number , composite material
Carbon–carbon cross‐coupling reactions are among the most important processes in organic chemistry, and Suzuki–Miyaura reactions are among the most widely used protocols for the formation of carbon–carbon bonds. These reactions are generally catalyzed by soluble palladium complexes with various ligands. However, the use of toxic organic solvents remains a scientific challenge and an aspect of economical and ecological relevance. This Review will summarize various recently developed significant methods by which the Suzuki–Miyaura coupling was conducted in aqueous media, and analyzes if they are “real green” protocols.