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A Dual Electrochrome of Poly‐(3,4‐Ethylenedioxythiophene) Doped by N , N ′‐Bis(3‐sulfonatopropyl)‐4‐4′‐bipyridinium—Redox Chemistry and Electrochromism in Flexible Devices
Author(s) -
Bhandari Shweta,
Deepa Melepurath,
Pahal Suman,
Joshi Amish G.,
Srivastava Avanish Kumar,
Kant Rama
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
chemsuschem
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.412
H-Index - 157
eISSN - 1864-564X
pISSN - 1864-5631
DOI - 10.1002/cssc.200900202
Subject(s) - electrochromism , poly(3,4 ethylenedioxythiophene) , redox , doping , chemistry , conductive polymer , dual (grammatical number) , nanotechnology , combinatorial chemistry , materials science , inorganic chemistry , electrode , optoelectronics , polymer , organic chemistry , art , literature
An electrochromic zwitterionic viologen, N , N ′‐bis(3‐sulfonatopropyl)‐4‐4′‐bipyridinium, has been used for the first time for doping poly (3,4‐ethylenedioxythiopene) (PEDOT) films during electropolymerization. Slow and fast diffusional rates for the monomer at deposition potentials of +1.2 and +1.8 V, respectively yielded the viologen‐doped PEDOT films with granular morphology and with dendrite‐like shapes. The dual electrochrome formed at +1.8 V, showed enhanced coloration efficiency, larger electrochemical charge storage capacity, and superior redox activity in comparison to its analogue grown at +1.2 V, thus demonstrating the role of dendritic shapes in amplifying electrochromism. Flexible electrochromic devices fabricated with the viologen‐doped PEDOT film grown at +1.8 V and Prussian blue with an ionic liquid‐based gel electrolyte film showed reversible coloration between pale and dark purple with maximum coloration efficiency of 187 cm 2 C −1 at λ =693 nm. The diffusional impedance parameters and switching kinetics of the device showed the suitability of this dual electrochrome formed as a single layer for practical electrochromic cells.