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High‐Surface‐Area TiO 2 and TiN as Catalysts for the CC Coupling of Alcohols and Ketones
Author(s) -
Fischer Anna,
Makowski Philippe,
Müller JensOliver,
Antonietti Markus,
Thomas Arne,
Goettmann Frederic
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
chemsuschem
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.412
H-Index - 157
eISSN - 1864-564X
pISSN - 1864-5631
DOI - 10.1002/cssc.200800019
Subject(s) - catalysis , tin , alkylation , dehydrogenation , chemistry , nucleophile , aldol condensation , metal , boron nitride , halide , nitride , inorganic chemistry , oxide , titanium , organic chemistry , layer (electronics)
To design more sustainable processes for the alkylation of ketones, the use of both atom‐ineffective leaving groups such as halides and boron as well as noble‐metal‐based catalysts should be avoided. For that purpose, high‐surface‐area titanium nitride was prepared from high‐surface‐area titanium dioxide using cyanamide as a transcription agent. The resulting nitride as well as the initial oxide proved to be effective and versatile catalysts for the alkylation of ketones with alcohols. Interestingly, the TiN catalyst yields unsaturated compounds, while the oxide‐based catalyst mainly yields saturated coupling products. As a result of its metallic properties, TiN shows a strong tendency to catalyse the dehydrogenation of alcohols, which then undergo aldol condensation with ketones. In contrast, TiO 2 promotes the direct nucleophilic attack of ketones on alcohols.