Open AccessThe pathogenic mechanism of oral bacteria and treatment with inhibitors
Author(s) -
Elgreu Thuraya,
Lee Sean,
Wen Sabrina,
Elghadafi Radwa,
Tangkham Thanarut,
Ma Yun,
Liu Bing,
Dibart Serge,
Tang Xiaoren
Publication year - 2022
Publication title -
clinical and experimental dental research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.464
H-Index - 9
ISSN - 2057-4347
DOI - 10.1002/cre2.499
Subject(s) - periodontitis , inflammation , disease , mechanism (biology) , immunology , immune system , tannerella forsythia , porphyromonas gingivalis , rheumatoid arthritis , medicine , bacteria , systemic inflammation , microbiology and biotechnology , biology , pathology , dentistry , traditional chinese medicine , honeysuckle , philosophy , alternative medicine , epistemology , genetics
Objectives The objective of this study was to introduce the evidence obtained through extensive research that periodontitis increases risk of many systemic diseases. Method Analysis of some oral bacteria (P. gingivalis, T. denticola, T. forsythia, A. actinomycetemcomitans, and F. nucleatum) and its related treatments and mediators by the specific methods (western blot, ELISA, etc). Results This article reviews in detail the evidence obtained through extensive research that periodontitis increases risk of many systemic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and Alzheimer's disease. These diseases are known to be associated with some certain specific gram‐negative bacteria as periodontal pathogens, which induce inflammation and related diseases through TLR receptors, kinases, transcriptional factors and other cytokines. We also reviewed the latest research for inhibitors against inflammation and related diseases that have potential to be further applied clinically. In addition, based on a large amount of research evidence, we draw two tables about the mechanism of disease caused by periodontal bacteria, so that readers can easily search and analyze these research results. Discussion This review details how the periodontal bacteria and their virulence factors can trigger host immune defense and induce many systemic diseases via inflammation and invasion. This Review also addressed the latest research around inhibitors against inflammation.