Photoemission core level and satellite study of Ti x Ru 1− x oxide layers

Combined photoemission core level and satellite structure investigations of pyrolytic titanium‐rich Ti x Ru 1− x ‐oxide layers (0.90 ≦ x ≦ 0.97) and RuO 2 layers on titanium are used to gain structural and compositional information about these electro‐catalytically active surfaces. By means of this method deviations from stoichiometry, the formation of carbon interstitials and the growth of anatase by ruthenium loss could be pointed out.