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Synthesis, Crystal Growth, and Optical Characterization of a Novel Nonlinear Optical Organic Material: N , N ‐Diarylbenzamide
Author(s) -
Lakshmi Radhakrishnan,
Prabukanthan Peethambaram,
Harichandran Gurusamy,
Sudarsana Kumar C.
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
crystal research and technology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.377
H-Index - 64
eISSN - 1521-4079
pISSN - 0232-1300
DOI - 10.1002/crat.201700146
Subject(s) - orthorhombic crystal system , thermogravimetric analysis , differential thermal analysis , dielectric , crystal (programming language) , single crystal , materials science , crystallography , analytical chemistry (journal) , fourier transform infrared spectroscopy , infrared , crystal growth , dielectric loss , chemistry , crystal structure , diffraction , organic chemistry , optics , programming language , physics , optoelectronics , computer science
Abstract Nonlinear optical organic materials of N , N ‐diphenylbenzamide (NNDPB) and 4‐fluoro‐ N , N ‐diphenylbenzamide (FNNDPB) are synthesized from benzoylation of N , N ‐diphenylamine using the substituted benzoyl chlorides. The single crystals of NNDPB and FNNDPB are grown by a slow evaporation technique. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction shows that both the crystals belong to orthorhombic crystallographic system with space group Pbca . Fourier transform infrared spectrum shows the chemical bonding and various functional groups, the carbonyl peak appeared at 1647 and 1651 cm −1 in NNDPB and FNNDPB compounds, respectively. 1 H and 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance analysis examines the placement of aromatic protons and carbons are identified to the synthesized materials. UV–vis near IR spectra analysis showed 100% transmission in the visible region for both NNDPB and FNNDPB crystals. As‐grown crystal dielectric constant and dielectric loss are inversely proportional to the frequency at all the temperatures. The thermal properties of NNDPB and FNNDPB crystals are studied from thermogravimetric analysis/differential thermal analysis analysis, it is thermally stable up to 483 and 503 K. Crystal growth mechanism and defects are observed from etching studies. The relative second harmonic generation efficiency is measured by Kurtz–Perry powder technique and is found to be 1.55 and 1.7 times as that of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.