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LiMn 2 O 4 nanocrystalline electrode materials
Author(s) -
Talik E.,
Załóg A.,
Skrzypek D.,
Guzik A.,
Zajdel P.,
Michalska M.,
Lipińska L.
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
crystal research and technology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.377
H-Index - 64
eISSN - 1521-4079
pISSN - 0232-1300
DOI - 10.1002/crat.201100473
Subject(s) - x ray photoelectron spectroscopy , nanocrystalline material , electron paramagnetic resonance , manganese , scanning electron microscope , analytical chemistry (journal) , chemical state , chemical composition , materials science , squid , nanocrystal , chemistry , nuclear magnetic resonance , crystallography , nanotechnology , metallurgy , composite material , biology , ecology , physics , organic chemistry , chromatography
The process of sol‐gel synthesis was applied to obtain the LiMn 2 O 4 nanopowders. The samples were characterized by the following methods: scanning electron microscopy (SEM/EDX), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), SQUID magnetometry and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). Chemical composition, oxidation state of manganese and magnetic properties were determined. The SEM images showed grains in the form of nanocrystals or larger conglomerates, depending on the synthesis process. From XPS analysis chemical formulas of the examined compounds were determined. Deconvolution of complex Mn3p lines was used to find the ratio of Mn 3+ /Mn 4+ . This ratio was observed to depend on the synthesis process. The C1s lines of the measured samples were intense and complex. The results of magnetic measurements and EPR showed the presence of some extra magnetic phases. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)