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Effects of chronic administration of the amphetamines and other stimulants on behavior
Author(s) -
Kosman Mary Ellen,
Unna Klaus R.
Publication year - 1968
Publication title -
clinical pharmacology and therapeutics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.941
H-Index - 188
eISSN - 1532-6535
pISSN - 0009-9236
DOI - 10.1002/cpt196892240
Subject(s) - amphetamine , methylphenidate , methamphetamine , medicine , pharmacology , drug , drug administration , dextroamphetamine , stimulant , caffeine , psychology , psychiatry , dopamine , attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
After a brief survey of effects in man, the authors review behavioral studies in animals on the effects of chronic administration of dl‐amphetamine, d‐amphetamine, methamphetamine, cocaine, pipradrol, methylphenidate, phenmetrazine, and caffeine. The areas covered include: food and water intake, general behavior, self‐administration of drugs, activity, fatigue, and performance of learned responses. The review is primarily concerned with changes in various parameters of behavior which develop during the course of chronic drug administration. These changes include both increases and decreases in the magnitude of response, reversal of effects, and the appearance of new patterns of behavior. The effects observed after cessation of chronic drug administration are discussed with reference to withdrawal symptoms and to persistent effects which are revealed by observation of general behavior and by tests of activity, performance, learning ability, and response to various drugs. Areas in which further research is needed are mentioned throughout the review. Emphasis is placed on the need for more comparative studies on the amphetamines, as the available data suggest that, under conditions of chronic administration, the effects of methamphetamine differ significantly from the effects of dl‐ and d‐amphetamine.