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Negative Cardiovascular Consequences of Small Molecule Immunosuppressants
Author(s) -
Chakkera HA,
Sharif A,
Kaplan B
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
clinical pharmacology and therapeutics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.941
H-Index - 188
eISSN - 1532-6535
pISSN - 0009-9236
DOI - 10.1002/cpt.738
Subject(s) - calcineurin , tacrolimus , alemtuzumab , medicine , thymoglobulin , sirolimus , everolimus , rituximab , heart transplantation , pharmacology , pi3k/akt/mtor pathway , immune system , immunosuppression , transplantation , immunology , signal transduction , lymphoma , biology , biochemistry
Immunosuppressants are critical after transplantation and prescribed as immune‐modulators for autoimmune disorders and glomerulonephritides. Immunosuppressants include large (e.g., thymoglobulin, alemtuzumab, and rituximab) and small molecules (e.g., corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, antimetabolites, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors). The majority of the small molecules worsen traditional cardiovascular risks. This review describes cardiovascular risks of small molecule immunosuppressants: corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors (tacrolimus and cyclosporine), and mTOR inhibitors (rapamycin), by categorizing these risks into two categories: ischemic heart disease and nonischemic cardiac effects.