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Approaches, Challenges, and Advances in Metabolism of New Synthetic Cannabinoids and Identification of Optimal Urinary Marker Metabolites
Author(s) -
Diao X,
Huestis MA
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
clinical pharmacology and therapeutics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.941
H-Index - 188
eISSN - 1532-6535
pISSN - 0009-9236
DOI - 10.1002/cpt.534
Subject(s) - synthetic cannabinoids , urine , urinary system , metabolomics , metabolism , metabolite , identification (biology) , metabolic pathway , chemistry , pharmacology , computational biology , biochemistry , biology , chromatography , cannabinoid , endocrinology , botany , receptor
We review approaches for determining metabolism of new synthetic cannabinoids (SCs), and challenges and advances in identifying optimal urinary marker metabolites of SC intake. Metabolic patterns of different SC generations are evaluated, and a practical strategy offered for selecting SC urinary marker metabolites. Novel SCs are incubated with human hepatocytes, the most abundant and characteristic metabolites are identified with high‐resolution mass spectrometry, and proposed hepatocyte marker metabolites are confirmed in authentic positive urine samples.