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Pharmacomicrobiomics: The Holy Grail to Variability in Drug Response?
Author(s) -
Sharma Anukriti,
Buschmann Mary M.,
Gilbert Jack A.
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
clinical pharmacology and therapeutics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.941
H-Index - 188
eISSN - 1532-6535
pISSN - 0009-9236
DOI - 10.1002/cpt.1437
Subject(s) - microbiome , human microbiome , drug , computational biology , biology , human microbiome project , personalized medicine , holy grail , drug development , human health , disease , drug response , pharmacology , medicine , bioinformatics , computer science , world wide web , environmental health
The human body, with 3.0 × 10 13 cells and more than 3.8 × 10 13 microorganisms, has nearly a one‐to‐one ratio of resident microbes to human cells. Initiatives like the Human Microbiome Project, American Gut, and Flemish Gut have identified associations between microbial taxa and human health. The study of interactions between microbiome and pharmaceutical agents, i.e., pharmacomicrobiomics, has revealed an instrumental role of the microbiome in modulating drug response that alters the therapeutic outcomes. In this review, we present our current comprehension of the relationship of the microbiome, host biology, and pharmaceutical agents such as cardiovascular drugs, analgesics, and chemotherapeutic agents to human disease and treatment outcomes. We also discuss the significance of studying diet–gene–drug interactions and further address the key challenges associated with pharmacomicrobiomics. Finally, we examine proposed models employing systems biology for the application of pharmacomicrobiomics and other ‐omics data, and provide approaches to elucidate microbiome–drug interactions to improve future translation to personalized medicine.