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Exposure to botanicals in dietary supplements is increasing across many geographies; with increased expectations from consumers, regulators, and industry stewards centered on quality and safety of these products. We present a tiered approach to assess the safety of botanicals, and an  in silico  decision tree to address toxicity data gaps. Tier 1 describes a Threshold of Toxicologic Concern ( TTC ) approach that can be used to assess the safety of conceptual levels of botanicals. Tier 2 is an approach to document a history of safe human use for botanical exposures higher than the  TTC . An assessment of botanical‐drug interaction ( BDI ) may also be necessary at this stage. Tier 3 involves botanical chemical constituent identification and safety assessment and the  in silico  approach as needed. Our novel approaches to identify potential hazards and establish safe human use levels for botanicals is cost and time efficient and minimizes reliance on animal testing.

A Tiered Approach for the Evaluation of the Safety of Botanicals Used as Dietary Supplements: An Industry Strategy