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Phenothiazine‐Based D–A–π–A Dyes for Highly Efficient Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells: Effect of Internal Acceptor and Non‐Conjugated π‐Spacer on Device Performance
Author(s) -
Nagane Satyawan,
Ichake Amol,
Agrawal Ishita,
Sadhanala Aditya,
Friend Richard H.,
Ogale Satishchandra,
Wadgaonkar Prakash P.
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
chempluschem
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.801
H-Index - 61
ISSN - 2192-6506
DOI - 10.1002/cplu.201600492
Subject(s) - dye sensitized solar cell , phenothiazine , conjugated system , iodide , acceptor , benzotriazole , chemistry , photochemistry , pyridine , organic solar cell , materials science , electrolyte , organic chemistry , polymer , electrode , medicine , physics , pharmacology , condensed matter physics
Three new D –A–π–A metal‐free organic dyes based on phenothiazine as a donor (D) and non‐conjugated π‐spacer were designed and synthesized. The incorporation of different ‘internal acceptors’ (electron traps) such as benzothiadiazole (BTD), benzotriazole (BTA), and pyridine were shown to allow systematic tuning of the energy levels and the photophysical properties. The AI‐1 dye showed lower electronic disorder compared with the other two dyes. The efficiencies achieved with AI‐1 , AI‐2 , and AI‐3 dyes were 8.5 % ( J sc =15.42 mA cm −2 , V oc =0.78 V, FF=68 %), 7 % ( J sc =12.8 mA cm −2 , V oc =0.78 V, FF=68 %) and 6.7 % ( J sc =11.57 mA cm −2 , V oc =0.82 V, FF=68.26 %), respectively. The incorporation of non‐conjugated phenothiazine as a π‐spacer in D–A–π–A dyes showed remarkable enhancement in the photovoltaic performance of dye‐sensitized solar cell (DSSC) devices. The sealed DSSC devices with iodide/tri‐iodide (I − /I 3 − )‐based liquid electrolyte showed promising stability under ambient conditions.