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Water‐Soluble Pillararene‐Functionalized Graphene Oxide for In Vitro Raman and Fluorescence Dual‐Mode Imaging
Author(s) -
Zhang Huacheng,
Ma Xing,
Nguyen Kim Truc,
Zeng Yongfei,
Tai Shuhui,
Zhao Yanli
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
chempluschem
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.801
H-Index - 61
ISSN - 2192-6506
DOI - 10.1002/cplu.201300408
Subject(s) - graphene , raman spectroscopy , biocompatibility , fluorescence , amphiphile , oxide , hela , nanotechnology , materials science , combinatorial chemistry , chemistry , in vitro , organic chemistry , copolymer , biochemistry , polymer , optics , physics
This study provides a successful preparation of biocompatible hybrid materials ( 1 ‐GO and 2 ‐GO) by the integration of graphene oxide (GO) with water‐soluble pillararenes (bolaamphiphile 1 and tadpolelike amphiphile 2 ) for dual‐mode Raman and fluorescence bioimaging in vitro. The investigations show that pillararenes 1 and 2 were loaded onto the surface of GO through strong hydrogen‐bonding interactions. Aqueous suspensions of 1 ‐GO and 2 ‐GO are stable and can be kept for a long time. After confirming their good biocompatibility by using the 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, the 1 ‐GO and 2 ‐GO hybrids were endocytosed by HeLa cells for in vitro Raman imaging. It was found that 1 ‐GO presents better Raman imaging than 2 ‐GO. When a fluorescent guest molecule, bipyridinium derivative 3 , was added into the suspensions of the hybrids, the suspensions of 1 ‐GO and 2 ‐GO were as stable as the original. The suspensions of the inclusion complexes ( 1 ‐GO⋅ 3 and 2 ‐GO⋅ 3 ) formed from 1 ‐GO and 2 ‐GO with 3 can also be endocytosed by HeLa cells to enable in vitro fluorescence imaging to be performed. It was found that 1 ‐GO⋅ 3 performs better than 2 ‐GO⋅ 3 . The current research has determined the capacities of pillararene‐modified GO for combined bioimaging, which paves the way for using these biocompatible materials towards dual‐mode diagnostics.