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Sperm‐Activating Odorous Substances in Human Follicular Fluid and Vaginal Secretion: Identification by Gas Chromatography–Olfactometry and Ca 2+ Imaging
Author(s) -
Hartmann Constanze,
Triller Annika,
Spehr Marc,
Dittrich Ralf,
Hatt Hanns,
Buettner Andrea
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
chempluschem
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.801
H-Index - 61
ISSN - 2192-6506
DOI - 10.1002/cplu.201300008
Subject(s) - follicular fluid , sperm , chemotaxis , receptor , chemistry , olfactometry , gas chromatography , odor , in vivo , biology , biochemistry , chromatography , microbiology and biotechnology , organic chemistry , botany , embryo , oocyte
Human sperm chemotaxis to follicular fluid has been well established, but the molecular mechanism(s) for this phenomenon are still largely unclear. Studies indicate that odorant receptors expressed on spermatozoa could play a role in this scenario. It has recently been shown that several synthetic floral scents activate the receptors OR1D2, OR4D1, and OR7A5 in vitro and evoke distinct sperm motility patterns in vivo. However, all agonists found so far are of synthetic origin and, thus, the presence of endogenous structural analogues in female bodily fluids is subject to speculation. Therefore, the aim of the study reported herein was to investigate the occurrence of odor compounds in vaginal secretions and follicular fluid by using gas chromatography–olfactometry. Chemically identified constituents of either bodily fluid were then analyzed for activation of recombinant chemoreceptors and candidate ligands were further tested for induction of sperm Ca 2+ signals. Through using this approach, two novel odorant receptor–ligand pairs are reported and human sperm Ca 2+ elevations in response to both odorous substances, namely 5α‐androst‐16‐en‐3‐one and 4‐hydroxy‐2,5‐dimethyl‐3(2 H )‐furanone, are shown.