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Kinetic Control over Morphology of Nanoporous Graphene on Surface
Author(s) -
Huang Jianmin,
Jia Hongxing,
Wang Tao,
Feng Lin,
Du Pingwu,
Zhu Junfa
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
chemphyschem
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.016
H-Index - 140
eISSN - 1439-7641
pISSN - 1439-4235
DOI - 10.1002/cphc.201900349
Subject(s) - nanoporous , materials science , kinetic control , nanostructure , nanotechnology , annealing (glass) , graphene , adsorption , chemical engineering , intermolecular force , desorption , molecule , chemistry , organic chemistry , catalysis , engineering , composite material
On‐surface synthesis of high‐quality nanoporous graphene (NPG) for application in nanotechnology and nanodevices remains challenging. Rational design of molecular precursors and proper kinetic control over the reaction process are the two key factors to tune the synthesis. Herein, we report a detailed study of the coupling reactions of a planar halogen‐substituted nanographene molecular precursor, hexaiodo‐ peri ‐hexabenzocoronene (I 6 ‐HBC), on the Au(111) surface in the synthesis of NPG. The influence of three basic kinetic processes – molecular adsorption, migration, and coupling – on the synthesis was investigated. The results show that the HBC molecules deposited at low temperature predominantly desorb from the Au(111) surface during the annealing process, whereas depositing the precursor molecules onto a hot surface (700 K) can lead to the formation of NPG. However, at such a high surface temperature, simultaneous intermolecular dehydrogenative coupling between HBC monomers can hinder the ordered growth of NPG through Ullmann coupling. Moreover, the deposition rate of the precursors greatly influences the growth morphology of the NPG nanostructures.