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Mixed‐Halide CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3− x X x (X=Cl, Br, I) Perovskites: Vapor‐Assisted Solution Deposition and Application as Solar Cell Absorbers
Author(s) -
Sedighi Rahime,
Tajabadi Fariba,
Shahbazi Saeed,
Gholipour Somayeh,
Taghavinia Nima
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
chemphyschem
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.016
H-Index - 140
eISSN - 1439-7641
pISSN - 1439-4235
DOI - 10.1002/cphc.201600230
Subject(s) - halide , perovskite (structure) , bromine , chemistry , chlorine , chemical vapor deposition , inorganic chemistry , analytical chemistry (journal) , crystallography , organic chemistry
There have been recent reports on the formation of single‐halide perovskites, CH 3 NH 3 PbX 3 (X=Cl, Br, I), by means of vapor‐assisted solution processing. Herein, the successful formation of mixed‐halide perovskites (CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3− x X x ) by means of a vapor‐assisted solution method at ambient atmosphere is reported. The perovskite films are synthesized by exposing PbI 2 film to CH 3 NH 3 X (X=I, Br, or Cl) vapor. The prepared perovskite films have uniform surfaces with good coverage, as confirmed by SEM images. The inclusion of chlorine and bromine into the structure leads to a lower temperature and shorter reaction time for optimum perovskite film formation. In the case of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3− x Cl x , the optimum reaction temperature is reduced to 100 °C, and the resulting phases are CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 (with trace Cl) and CH 3 NH 3 PbCl 3 with a ratio of about 2:1. In the case of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3− x Br x , single‐phase CH 3 NH 3 PbI 2 Br is formed in a considerably shorter reaction time than that of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 . The mesostructured perovskite solar cells based on CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 films show the best optimal power conversion efficiency of 13.5 %, whereas for CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3− x Cl x and CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3− x Br x the best recorded efficiencies are 11.6 and 10.5 %, respectively.