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Atomic and Electronic Structures of Interfaces in Dye‐Sensitized, Nanostructured Solar Cells
Author(s) -
Johansson Erik M. J.,
Lindblad Rebecka,
Siegbahn Hans,
Hagfeldt Anders,
Rensmo Håkan
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
chemphyschem
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.016
H-Index - 140
eISSN - 1439-7641
pISSN - 1439-4235
DOI - 10.1002/cphc.201301074
Subject(s) - x ray photoelectron spectroscopy , electronic structure , materials science , spectroscopy , molecule , dye sensitized solar cell , oxide , binding energy , molecular orbital , nanotechnology , chemical physics , chemistry , chemical engineering , computational chemistry , atomic physics , physics , organic chemistry , electrode , quantum mechanics , engineering , electrolyte , metallurgy
Abstract Key processes in nanostructured dye‐sensitized solar cells occur at material interfaces containing, for example, oxides, dye molecules, and hole conductors. A detailed understanding of interfacial properties is therefore important for new developments and device optimization. The implementation of X‐ray‐based spectroscopic methods for atomic‐level understanding of such properties is reviewed. Specifically, the use of the chemical and element sensitivity of photoelectron spectroscopy, hard X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and resonant photoelectron spectroscopy for investigating interfacial molecular and electronic properties are described; examples include energy matching, binding configurations, and molecular orbital composition. Finally, results from the complete oxide/dye/hole‐conductor systems are shown and demonstrate how the assembly itself can affect the molecular and electronic structure of the materials.