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Defining a Polymethine Dye for Fluorescence Anisotropy Applications in the Near‐Infrared Spectral Range
Author(s) -
Gustafson Tiffany P.,
Cao Qian,
Achilefu Samuel,
Berezin Mikhail Y.
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
chemphyschem
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.016
H-Index - 140
eISSN - 1439-7641
pISSN - 1439-4235
DOI - 10.1002/cphc.201100916
Subject(s) - fluorescence , fluorescence anisotropy , anisotropy , photochemistry , chemistry , materials science , near infrared spectroscopy , macromolecule , analytical chemistry (journal) , optics , organic chemistry , physics , biochemistry
Fluorescence anisotropy in the near‐infrared (NIR) spectral range is challenging because of the lack of appropriate NIR fluorescent labels. We have evaluated polymethine fluorescent dyes to identify a leading candidate for NIR anisotropy applications. The NIR dye LS601 demonstrated low fluorescence anisotropy values ( r ) as a result of its relatively long fluorescent lifetime 1.3 ns. The r value of LS601 unbound and coupled to biological macromolecules was found to have a sufficient dynamic range from 0.24 to 0.37, demonstrating the feasibility of fluorescence anisotropy in the NIR. The viability of fluorescence anisotropy using a NIR label was demonstrated by characterization of dye–protein conjugates. These results open the door to a number of applications in drug discovery, fluorescence anisotropy imaging and contrast agent development.