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Expanded Graphite Inserted by Few Red Phosphorus for Improved Sodium Storage at Room Temperature and Low Temperatures
Author(s) -
Zhou LiFeng,
Gong He,
Liu LiYing,
Wang YiSong,
Du Tao
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
chemnanomat
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.947
H-Index - 32
ISSN - 2199-692X
DOI - 10.1002/cnma.202100222
Subject(s) - graphite , materials science , lithium (medication) , phosphorus , chemical engineering , sodium , current density , composite material , metallurgy , medicine , engineering , endocrinology , physics , quantum mechanics
Sodium‐ion batteries are experiencing a rapid development as one of the most promising candidates to replace lithium‐ion batteries. Carbonaceous materials attract widespread attention because of the successful commercialization. Among them, expanded graphite with a long‐range‐ordered layered structure and a high specific surface area gain further exploration and modification as potential materials. Expanded graphite inserted by few red phosphorus was prepared by oxidation/reduction process and vapor deposition process and exhibited a high reversible specific capacity of 418 mAh g −1 at a current density of 100 mA g −1 and 296 mAh g −1 with the retention of 83.3% after 1000 cycles at the current density of 500 mA g −1 at room temperature. At −10 °C, a reversible capacity of 228 mAh g −1 with a retention of nearly 100% after 100 cycles was obtained. At a low temperature of −50 °C, a specific capacity of more than 50 mAh g −1 remains, indicating actual availability under extreme cold conditions.