Carbazole‐Based Molecular Glasses as Hole‐Transporting Materials in Solid State Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells

Three 3,6‐di(4‐methoxyphenyl)amino N ‐alkylated carbazoles were synthesized, characterized and incorporated in solid state dye‐sensitized solar cells. Devices using these compounds as solid hole conductors showed relative high V oc thanks to good energy level matching between them and D102 dye. However, they yield relatively low J sc and FF compared to spiro‐OMeTAD‐based control devices, which is due to an order of magnitude lower mobility and conductivity with respect to spiro‐OMeTAD. Maximum PCEs for N ‐ethyl and N ‐hexyl 3,6‐di(4‐methoxyphenyl)amino carbazoles ( 2 a , 2 b) are 1.6 %, and 1.8 % respectively, whereas spiro‐OMeTAD devices gave 4.4 %. Stability tests in air under continuous illumination have been reported.