Structure of neurons and ganglia of the guinea pig gallbladder: Light and electron microscopic studies

This study was undertaken to examine the morphological features of cells within ganglia of the guinea pig gallbladder, and to examine the ultrastructure of the ganglionated plexus. Gallbladder neurons are large, with a relatively simple form, having only one or two major processes. Neurobiotin often filled axons to their varicose arbors on smooth muscle in close proximity to the interganglionic connectives. With the exception of connective tissue clefts that sometimes penetrated into them, ganglia were devoid of intercellular spaces, capillaries, or connective tissue elements such as collagen and basal laminae. However, ganglia were surrounded by a single, continuous basal lamina that was enclosed within a fibroblast and collagen capsule. Within ganglia, neurons were insulated by the processes of cells that resembled the astrocyte‐like glia of enteric ganglia. Although few classical synapses were observed, numerous sites of direct apposition were identified between vesicle‐rich profiles and processes of gallbladder neurons. Direct appositions between vesicle‐rich profiles and the ganglion‐limiting basal laminae were also observed. Vesiculated profiles contained small clear vesicles and large dense‐core vesicles. Within interganglionic connectives, axons were unmyelinated and were isolated from one another by processes of glia that resembled Schwann cells. As was seen in the ganglia, direct appositions between vesicle‐rich profiles and the connective‐limiting basal laminae were observed. The results of this study demonstrate that gallbladder ganglia are similar, ultrastructurally, to enteric ganglia in the CNS‐like composition of the neuropil. However, the greater degree of glial investment, lesser degree of innervation, and simpler neurons indicated differences from the enteric nervous system that may be functionally significant.