Synaptic organization of enkephalinlike‐immunoreactive amacrine cells in the goldfish retina

Immunoelectron microscopy was used to examine the synaptic organization of enkephalinlike‐immunoreactive amacrine cells in the goldfish retina. Enkephalin‐immunostained processes sometimes contained dense‐cored vesicles (115–145 nm) in addition to a generally homogeneous population of small, round, clear synaptic vesicles. A total of 194 synaptic relationships were observed that involved the immunostained processes of enkephalin‐amacrine cells. The large majority of these were observed in sublayer 5 of the inner plexiform layer. In greater than 95% of the synaptic relationships, the enkephalin‐immunostained profile served as the presynaptic element. In 58.8% of these relationships, enkephalin processes synapsed onto amacrine cell processes, while 30.4% of their synapses were onto processes that lacked synaptic vesicles. They also occasionally formed synaptic contacts (6.7%) onto the somas of cells located either in the inner nuclear or in the ganglion cell layers. Enkephalin profiles received synaptic input only from amacrine cells (4.1%), while no direct synaptic interaction was observed between enkephalin processes and bipolar cells. However, in sublayer 1, enkephalin profiles were found to synapse onto amacrine cell processes that were presynaptic to bipolar cell terminals. In the proximal inner plexiform layer, enkephalin processes were presynaptic to amacrine cell processes that as a group surrounded and sometimes provided synaptic input to extremely large and round bipolar cell endings.