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Insular‐diencephalic connections in the Macaque
Author(s) -
Wirth Fremont P.
Publication year - 1973
Publication title -
journal of comparative neurology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.855
H-Index - 209
eISSN - 1096-9861
pISSN - 0021-9967
DOI - 10.1002/cne.901500402
Subject(s) - insular cortex , operculum (bryozoa) , biology , cresyl violet , insula , anatomy , cortex (anatomy) , macaque , neuroscience , staining , botany , genetics , genus
Insular‐diencephalic connections have been studied in five rhesus Macaques with both retrograde and anterograde degeneration techniques. Animals were prepared for study with bilateral symmetrical resections of temporal operculum or fronto‐parietal operculum or both, with or without excision of underlying insular cortex. The resections were staged such that the older was suitable for evaluation of retrograde cell change and myelin tract degeneration (cresyl violet and Loyez stain) and the more recent for anterograde fiber degeneration (Nauta). From the cresyl violet‐Loyez stained hemispheres evidence was obtained for sustaining fiber projections to the insula from n. ventralis caudalis parvocellularis. Nauta stains demonstrated projections from the insular cortex to n. ventralis caudalis, n. ventralis caudalis ventralis and n. ventralis caudalis parvocellularis. Connections were also demonstrated to n. centralis, n. parafascicularis, n. dorsalis oralis and the intralaminar nucleus. These connections closely resemble those of overlying fronto‐parietal operculum and suggest that insular cortex is an extension of sensory‐motor cortex as indicated by physiologic data. Projections from insula to the amygdala were also identified, indicating the association of insular cortex and the limbic system.