Experimental reorganization of the cerebellar cortex. I. Morphological effects of elimination of all microneurons with prolonged x‐irradiation started at birth

The heads of Long‐Evans rats were irradiated from birth with a schedule of repeated doses of low‐level x‐ray which prevented the acquisition of the postnatally‐forming basket, stellate and granule cells. The absence of these microneurons led to several changes in the organization of the cerebellar cortex, studied at 30 days of age with light and electron microscopy. The somata of Purkinje cells were not strung out in a monolayer. Their primary dendrites were randomly oriented and arborized differently depending on the position of their somata in the depth of the cortex. Many Purkinje cell perisomatic processes, normally seen only in infants, were retained. Climbing and mossy fibers formed inconspicuous, symmetrical synapses with the somata and conspicuous, asymmetrical synapses with the perisomatic processes and dendritic thorns of Purkinje cells. Massive Purkinje cell dendrites with innumerable thorns made up much of the neuropil of the cortex. The dendritic thorns, in addition to forming true synapses, also established pseudosynapses with glial processes and synapses devoid of vesicles with the surface or the interior of Purkinje cell dendrites. The latter type of contact apparently led to autolysis of part of the dendrite, which was the only clear pathological phenomenon observed. These results indicated considerable autonomy in the growth of Purkinje cell dendrites, which arborized richly and sprouted innumerable small processes in the absence of parallel fibers, and formed postsynaptic dense membranes in contiguity with inappropriate processes, such as those of Purkinje cells or astrocytes.