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Differential expression of neurexin genes in the mouse brain
Author(s) -
Uchigashima Motokazu,
Cheung Amy,
Suh Julie,
Watanabe Masahiko,
Futai Kensuke
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
journal of comparative neurology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.855
H-Index - 209
eISSN - 1096-9861
pISSN - 0021-9967
DOI - 10.1002/cne.24664
Subject(s) - neurexin , biology , postsynaptic potential , neuroligin , postsynaptic density , gene isoform , neuroscience , cell adhesion molecule , synapse , transmembrane protein , microbiology and biotechnology , gene , genetics , receptor
Synapses, highly specialized membrane junctions between neurons, connect presynaptic neurotransmitter release sites and postsynaptic ligand‐gated channels. Neurexins (Nrxns), a family of presynaptic adhesion molecules, have been characterized as major regulators of synapse development and function. Via their extracellular domains, Nrxns bind to different postsynaptic proteins, generating highly diverse functional readouts through their postsynaptic binding partners. Not surprisingly given these versatile protein interactions, mutations and deletions of Nrxn genes have been identified in patients with autism spectrum disorders, intellectual disabilities, and schizophrenia. Therefore, elucidating the expression profiles of Nrxns in the brain is of high significance. Here, using chromogenic and fluorescent in situ hybridization, we characterize the expression patterns of Nrxn isoforms throughout the brain. We found that each Nrxn isoform displays a unique expression profile in a region‐, cell type‐, and sensory system‐specific manner. Interestingly, we also found that αNrxn1 and αNrxn2 mRNAs are expressed in non‐neuronal cells, including astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Lastly, we found diverse expression patterns of genes that encode Nrxn binding proteins, such as Neuroligins ( Nlgns ), Leucine‐rich repeat transmembrane neuronal protein ( Lrrtms ) and Latrophilins ( Adgrls ), suggesting that Nrxn proteins can mediate numerous combinations of trans‐synaptic interactions. Together, our anatomical profiling of Nrxn gene expression reflects the diverse roles of Nrxn molecules.